Childhood decay is the number one disease treated under general anesthesia for children in Canada under 5 years of age.

In the United States, what percentage of children at age 2 have clinical evidence of early childhood caries?

For a 4-year old child with multiple non-cavitated early childhood caries, a treatment plan involving improved diet, parentally supervised oral hygiene and dental office-applied topical fluoride varnish every 6 months should succeed in controlling the caries.

The principal elements of the “First Exam by First Birthday” include:

What colour of decay represents the most rapidly invasive kind?

Choose the most correct answer for the following statements:

1. Fluoride is found in the mouth on hard surfaces only
2. Fluoride varnish is superior to gel or foam for topical application on children under 6 years of age
3. Dentin and enamel respond equally to remineralization treatments
4. Children with low decay risk may not receive additional benefit from professionally applied topical fluoride

Topical application of antimicrobials can result in:

Silver Diamine Fluoride has no reported negative side effects.

Choose the most correct answer for the following:

With respect to pain in children:

1. Children tend to experience less pain than teenagers and adults
2. Pain is subjective and dependent on the child’s pain tolerance threshold
3. Early exposure to a pain stimulus if dealt with empathetically should not have any longer term impacts
4. Children under 7 years tend to react more strongly to the same pain stimulus than older children
5. The dentist is best informed in deciding whether a child is experiencing pain

Choose the most correct answer for the following:

With respect to fluoride intake:

1. Water fluoridation only benefits people during their childhood years
2. Fluoride bioavailability to teeth is the same regardless of the source of fluoride
3. Fluoride benefit to teeth is all topical with no systemic benefit
4. Fluorosis from water fluoridation can only occur when the level exceeds 1.0 ppm